Wild yam root is a potent source of diosginin, a chemical that resembles female sex hormones and was used in the manufacture of the first oral contraceptives. Diosgenin can be transformed in the laboratory into sex steroids and corticosteroids, but research is still very sketchy on the effectiveness of this herb. While diosgenin can be converted into progesterone in the laboratory, it cannot be converted into progesterone in the human body. Wild yam contains no progesterone, natural or otherwise. It is, however, extremely useful for many gynecological complaints. Historically, it appears to support healthy menstrual cycles by lessening pain and cramping. Wild yam's diosgenin, is a precursor in the chemical synthesis of progesterone, a hormone whose numerous functions include uterine health and warding off PMS. Wild yam creams and progesterone creams are applied to thin areas of the skin. Some herbalists believe that this triggers the production of natural progesterone in a woman's body and balances against high levels of estrogen. Though the exact mechanism is not fully known, wild yam has a long history of giving women relief from hot flashes, insomnia, hot flashes, insomnia, cramps, headaches, migraines, and vaginal dryness. It generally takes a period of a few months or more to see results.

Wild yam also contains beta carotene, the antioxidant that is so important to maintaining a healthy cholesterol level. Other colorful folk names include Devil's bones, Yuma, Colic root and Rheumatism root, referring to Native Americans use of the boiled root to treat morning sickness and in childbirth, also arthritis and digestive problems.