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Common Name | Bitter Orange |
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Bitter orange fruit is earth-shaped, a little rougher than the common, sweet orange, and the flowers are more strongly scented. The flowers of the bitter orange yield the essential oil, Neroli, and the peel yields a volatile Oil of Birgarade. The bitter orange tree is extensively cultivated in France for the sole purpose of the Neroli oil. Since the outlawing of ma huang (ephedra) bitter orange extracts have become more popular in many weight loss formulas for thermogenic and metabolic stimulating effects.
Zhi shi is the immature dried fruit of citrus aurantium, also known as bitter orange. |
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The essential oil expressed from the peel of the almost ripe fruit of the bitter orange tree is dark yellow to olive yellow or pale brownish yellow color. The odor differs from other citrus oils, fresh and yet bitter with a rich and lasting, sweet backnote. |
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| Bitter orange or synephrine, found in bitter orange, has been associated with adverse cardiovascular reactions. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, Bitter orange is possibly associated with this cardiovascular event. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bitter orange-containing supplements may present as a risk for cardiovascular toxicity; however, additional studies/case reports are needed to validate this conclusion. |
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